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145
debianzfs.sh
145
debianzfs.sh
@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
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#!/bin/bash
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DISK=$1
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ZFSHOST=$2
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[ -z "$ZFSHOST" ] && ZFSHOST="debianzfs"
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# Script is based off official guide: see "Debian Bullseye Root on ZFS"
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# https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Getting%20Started/Debian/Debian%20Bullseye%20Root%20on%20ZFS.html
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# Settings
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export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
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DISK=$1
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ZFSHOST=$2
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[ -z "$ZFSHOST" ] && ZFSHOST="debianzfs"
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CODENAME="bullseye"
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ZFSROOT="/mnt"
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@ -18,24 +21,43 @@ if [ "$DISK_TYPE" != "blockspecial" ]; then
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exit 1;
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fi
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# Update sources list
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###############################################
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### Step 1: Prepare The Install Environment ###
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###############################################
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# 1. Boot the Debian GNU/Linux Live CD... done
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# 2. Setup and update the repositories
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SOURCES_LIST="/etc/apt/sources.list"
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[ -f "$SOURCES_LIST" ] && mv "$SOURCES_LIST" "$SOURCES_LIST.$(date +%s).bak"
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echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ ${CODENAME} main contrib" > "$SOURCES_LIST"
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apt-get update
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# Install tools and ZFS
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# 3. Optional: Install and start the OpenSSH server in the Live CD environment... done
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# 4. Disable automounting... skipping, no GUI-based automounting present
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# 5. Become root... done
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# 6. Install ZFS in the Live CD environment (plus some tools)
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apt-get install -y debootstrap gdisk pwgen zfsutils-linux
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# Ensure swap isn't in use
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###############################
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### Step 2: Disk Formatting ###
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###############################
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# 1. Set a variable with the disk name
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# 2. If you are re-using a disk, clear it as necessary... skipping: do this yourself :)
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# Ensure swap partitions are not in use
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swapoff --all
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# Partition
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# 3. Partition your disk(s)
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# Run this for UEFI booting (for use now or in the future)
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sgdisk -n2:1M:+512M -t2:EF00 "$DISK"
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# Run this for the boot pool
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sgdisk -n3:0:+1G -t3:BF01 "$DISK"
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# Unencrypted or ZFS native encryption
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sgdisk -n4:0:0 -t4:BF00 "$DISK"
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# Create boot pool
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# 4. Create the boot pool
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zpool create -f \
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-o ashift=12 \
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-o autotrim=on -d \
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@ -61,7 +83,8 @@ zpool create -f \
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-O canmount=off -O mountpoint=/boot -R "$ZFSROOT" \
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bpool "${DISK}3"
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# Create root pool with random 16 character password
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# 5. Create the root pool
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# ZFS native encryption (with a random password)
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RPOOLPW="$(pwgen -s 16 1)"
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echo "$RPOOLPW" | \
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zpool create -f \
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@ -76,16 +99,20 @@ zpool create -f \
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rpool "${DISK}4"
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unset RPOOLPW
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# Create filesystem datasets to act as containers
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###################################
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### Step 3: System Installation ###
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###################################
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# 1. Create filesystem datasets to act as containers
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zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none rpool/ROOT
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zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none bpool/BOOT
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# Create filesystem datasets for the root and boot filesystems
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# 2. Create filesystem datasets for the root and boot filesystems
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zfs create -o canmount=noauto -o mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT/debian
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zfs mount rpool/ROOT/debian
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zfs create -o mountpoint=/boot bpool/BOOT/debian
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# Create datasets
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# 3. Create datasets
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zfs create rpool/home
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zfs create -o mountpoint=/root rpool/home/root
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chmod 700 "$ZFSROOT/root"
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@ -93,34 +120,46 @@ zfs create -o canmount=off rpool/var
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zfs create -o canmount=off rpool/var/lib
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zfs create rpool/var/log
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zfs create rpool/var/spool
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# If you wish to separate these to exclude them from snapshots
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zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/var/cache
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zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/var/lib/nfs
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zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/var/tmp
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chmod 1777 "$ZFSROOT/var/tmp"
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# If you use /usr/local on this system
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zfs create -o canmount=off rpool/usr
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zfs create rpool/usr/local
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# If this system will have a GUI
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zfs create rpool/var/lib/AccountsService
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zfs create rpool/var/lib/NetworkManager
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# If this system will use Docker (which manages its own datasets & snapshots)
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zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/var/lib/docker
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# Mount a tmpfs at /run
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# 4. Mount a tmpfs at /run
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mkdir "$ZFSROOT/run"
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mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
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mkdir "$ZFSROOT/run/lock"
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# Install minimal system
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# 5. Install the minimal system
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debootstrap "$CODENAME" /mnt
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# Copy in zpool.cache
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# 6. Copy in zpool.cache
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mkdir "$ZFSROOT/etc/zfs"
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cp /etc/zfs/zpool.cache "$ZFSROOT/etc/zfs/"
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# Configure hostname
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####################################
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### Step 4: System Configuration ###
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####################################
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# 1. Configure the hostname
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hostname "$ZFSHOST"
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hostname > "$ZFSROOT/etc/hostname"
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sed "/^127.0.0.1.*localhost/a 127.0.1.1\\t$ZFSHOST" "$ZFSROOT/etc/hosts" | tee "$ZFSROOT/etc/hosts"
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# Configure network devices
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# 2. Configure the network interfaces
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NETWORK_DEVICES=$(ip a | awk '$1 ~ /^[0-9][:]/ {print substr($2, 0, length($2)-1)}')
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while read -r INTER; do
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if [ ! "$INTER" = "lo" ]; then
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@ -131,7 +170,7 @@ while read -r INTER; do
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fi
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done <<< "$NETWORK_DEVICES"
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# Update sources list in ZFSROOT
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# 3. Configure the package sources
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ZFS_SOURCES_LIST="$ZFSROOT/etc/apt/sources.list"
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[ -f "$ZFS_SOURCES_LIST" ] && mv "$ZFS_SOURCES_LIST" "$ZFS_SOURCES_LIST.$(date +%s).bak"
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cat <<-EOF > "$ZFS_SOURCES_LIST"
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@ -145,10 +184,11 @@ deb http://deb.debian.org/debian ${CODENAME}-updates main contrib
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deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian ${CODENAME}-updates main contrib
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EOF
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# 4. Bind the virtual filesystems from the LiveCD environment to the new system and chroot into it
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# Copy DISK var under ZFSROOT
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echo "DISK=${DISK}" > "$ZFSROOT/var/tmp/zfsenv"
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# Bind the virtual filesystems from the LiveCD environment to the new system
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# Bind
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mount --make-private --rbind /dev /mnt/dev
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mount --make-private --rbind /proc /mnt/proc
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mount --make-private --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
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@ -156,38 +196,47 @@ mount --make-private --rbind /sys /mnt/sys
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# Chroot
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cat << CHROOT | chroot /mnt bash --login
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# Setup
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export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
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export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
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export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
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set -ex
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. /var/tmp/zfsenv
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unset CDPATH
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cd
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# Configure a basic system environment
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export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
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export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
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export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
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# 5. Configure a basic system environment
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ln -s /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
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apt-get update
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apt-get upgrade -y
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apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
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apt-get install -y console-setup locales
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# Even if you prefer a non-English system language, always ensure that en_US.UTF-8 is available
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dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata keyboard-configuration console-setup
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# 6. Install ZFS in the chroot environment for the new system
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apt-get install -y dpkg-dev linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic zfs-initramfs
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echo REMAKE_INITRD=yes > /etc/dkms/zfs.conf
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# Install Grub for UEFI
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# 7. For LUKS installs only, setup /etc/crypttab... skipping
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# 8. Install GRUB
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# Install GRUB for UEFI booting
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apt-get install -y dosfstools
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echo REMAKE_INITRD=yes > /etc/dkms/zfs.conf
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mkdosfs -F 32 -s 1 -n EFI "\${DISK}2"
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mkdir /boot/efi
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BLKID_BOOT="/dev/disk/by-uuid/\$(blkid -s UUID -o value \${DISK}2)"
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echo "\${BLKID_BOOT} /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
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mount /boot/efi
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apt-get install -y grub-efi-amd64 shim-signed
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# 9. Optional: Remove os-prober
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apt-get purge -y os-prober
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# 10. Set a root password
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ROOTPW=$(pwgen 8 1)
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echo "root:\$ROOTPW" | chpasswd
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unset ROOTPW
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# Add bpool import service
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# 11. Enable importing bpool
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cat <<- BPOOL > /etc/systemd/system/zfs-import-bpool.service
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[Unit]
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DefaultDependencies=no
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@ -206,50 +255,72 @@ ExecStartPost=-/bin/mv /etc/zfs/preboot_zpool.cache /etc/zfs/zpool.cache
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WantedBy=zfs-import.target
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BPOOL
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# Enable importing bpool service
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systemctl enable zfs-import-bpool.service
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# Mount a tmpfs to /tmp
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# 12 Optional (but recommended): Mount a tmpfs to /tmp
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cp /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/
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systemctl enable tmp.mount
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# Verify that the ZFS boot filesystem is recognized
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# 13. Optional: Install SSH... skipping
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# 14. Optional: For ZFS native encryption or LUKS, configure Dropbear for remote unlocking... skipping
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# 15. Optional (but kindly requested): Install popcon... skipping
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#################################
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### Step 5: GRUB Installation ###
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#################################
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# 1. Verify that the ZFS boot filesystem is recognized
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grub-probe /boot
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# Refresh the initrd files
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# 2. Refresh the initrd files
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update-initramfs -c -k all
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# Workaround GRUB's missing zpool-features support
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# 3. Workaround GRUB's missing zpool-features support
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sed -i "s/^\(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\).*/\1\"root=ZFS=rpool\/ROOT\/debian\"/" /etc/default/grub
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# 4. Optional (but highly recommended): Make debugging GRUB easier
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sed -i "s/^\(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\).*/\1\"\"/" /etc/default/grub
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sed -i '/GRUB_TERMINAL/s/^#//g' /etc/default/grub
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cat /etc/default/grub
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# Update the boot configuration
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# 5. Update the boot configuration
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update-grub
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# Install GRUB to the ESP
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# 6. Install the boot loader
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# For UEFI booting, install GRUB to the ESP
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grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi \
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--bootloader-id=debian --recheck --no-floppy
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# Fix filesystem mount ordering
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# 7. Fix filesystem mount ordering
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mkdir /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache
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touch /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache/bpool
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touch /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache/rpool
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timeout 10 zed -F || \
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# Verify that zed updated the cache by making sure these are not empty
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test -s /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache/bpool &&
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test -s /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache/rpool
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# Fix the paths to eliminate /mnt
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sed -Ei "s|/mnt/?|/|" /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache/*
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# Snapshot the initial installation
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##########################
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### Step 6: First Boot ###
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##########################
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# 1. Optional: Snapshot the initial installation
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zfs snapshot bpool/BOOT/debian@install
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zfs snapshot rpool/ROOT/debian@install
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# 2. Exit from the chroot environment back to the LiveCD environment
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exit
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CHROOT
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# 3. Run these commands in the LiveCD environment to unmount all filesystems
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mount | grep -v zfs | tac | awk '/\/mnt/ {print $3}' | \
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xargs -I{} umount -lf {}
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# 4. If this fails for rpool, mounting it on boot will fail and you will need to
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# zpool import -f rpool, then exit in the initamfs prompt
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zpool export -a || exit 0
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exit 0
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